Ebook KDM : Physical Assessment for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals
Over the past two to three decades, many changes have been seen in the roles of healthcare
professionals. Significant changes have been seen in the allied health professions, nursing,
and midwifery. It is common practice now to see the healthcare professional functioning
as an independent practitioner with specialist/advanced practice qualifications. For exam-
ple, to list but a few, it is not uncommon to find audiologists, nurses, midwives occupa-
tional therapists, opticians, physiotherapists, and radiotherapists with master’s and
doctoral degrees diagnosing and treating patients. These practitioners are expected to
know how to provide expert holistic health‐oriented care for culturally diverse popula-
tions. Specialist/advanced practice health professionals view the patient as an individual
with physical as well as emotional, psychological, intellectual, social, cultural, and spiritual
needs. A comprehensive assessment of the patient is the foundation upon which health-
care decisions are made. The best way to develop assessment skills is to learn them system-
atically. The systematic approach involves taking a full health history, conducting a physical
examination, and reviewing diagnostic tests/laboratory data. Use of advanced assessment
skills are essential in clinical decision making that leads to the formulation of a differential
diagnosis and final diagnosis.
This text for healthcare professionals is based on Turner and Blackwood’s Lecture Notes
on Clinical Skills that was written for medical students. It is intended to be used as a refer-
ence book that can be reviewed near the patient in the clinical setting. In general, the
pages are arranged with simple instructions on the left, with important aspects requiring
action marked with a bullet (•). Subsidiary lists are marked with a dash (–). On the right are
brief details of clinical situations and diseases that are relevant to abnormal findings. In this
edition, colour photographs of assessment techniques have been added as well as case
studies to assist healthcare practitioners in their assessment of the patient.
Turner and Blackwood’s Lecture Notes on Clinical Skills has been used in the Oxford
Clinical Medical School for over 40years and is viewed as an essential guide for medical
students globally. It should be noted that although some doctors may use slightly different
techniques in taking a history and physical examination, it is recommended that
healthcare practitioners embarking on a career as specialist/advanced practitioners use
the techniques recommended in this text because they provide a sound approach for
developing and employing clinical decision making.
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